What science studies Earth's physical structure and processes?

• A. Geology
• B. Chemistry
• C. Astronomy
• D. Ecology

Answer: (A)

Geology is the science that studies Earth's physical structure and processes. It investigates rocks and minerals, the planet’s interior layers, and the dynamic forces that shape the surface—such as plate tectonics, earthquakes, volcanoes, weathering, erosion, and sedimentation. It also looks at how rocks form and change over time and how landscapes evolve through Earth's history, using field observations, rock analysis, fossil records, seismic data, and dating methods. Chemistry, by contrast, focuses on matter and reactions at the atomic level; astronomy studies objects beyond Earth; ecology examines living organisms and their interactions. So geology best fits the description.